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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

The machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and filter technology that is mind-blowing to make the coffee you enjoy. What exactly is it?

To make espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the difference is in the pressure.

The Group Head

The name implies the group head is the place you insert your portafilter when making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are many different kinds of group head, each with their particular advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed to provide stability of temperature while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are built to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, such as the E61. This is a favorite among baristas since it provides multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the above photo, the group head has numerous notches that you can place your portafilter before twisting it manually to lock it in. A gasket of rubber is situated inside the notches to help create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit a precise placement of the portafilter, which is necessary for an even extraction.

The group head not only lets you to place your portafilter easily but also maintains an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket, ensuring that the temperature is at the right level for extraction. This is important because just a few degrees could mean the difference between good and great espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps used in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure needed to extract espresso. This differs from manual piston machines which use a lever. This pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior it is shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps are generally less expensive than piston-driven models, machine espresso and they tend to last longer, but both types of machines can degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems which can result in the cost of even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines remove the pump completely and instead make use of steam pressure to make espresso. The disadvantage of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of water until it reaches boiling which can cause excessive extraction. The machines must also continually rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

Many best home espresso machine machines make use of the rotary or vibration pump, with a vibrating model using a rotating disc to create the pressure, and the rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines produce great espresso however rotary machines tend to be quieter, more durable and less likely to break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that heats the water to the right temperature for extraction. The steam that is created reaches the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then pumped into the cup. The steam creates pressure and pushes through the grounds of the coffee espresso machines. This creates a layer crema that is then poured over. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, and they differ in the type of pump they use and how hot the brew is. There are different ways in which the brew can be controlled, as well as the size of the cup that the machine can produce.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The first espresso machines were steam types. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and Machine espresso bitter. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso maker is a semi-automatic one with an electric espresso maker pump. These are what people imagine when they think of an espresso machine. With a semi-automatic machine you have to grind the beans and tamp them yourself but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and mechanized quality.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use a filter that separates the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also an important component of the temperature control system as it keeps the machine from overheating.

Filters also aid in flavor since it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This helps the beans to release their nuances and gives an opportunity to improve extraction.

However, it is important to remember that even a good filter can make a terrible cup of coffee as the quality of the beans and extraction is vital.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy used to place the grounds of your coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the coffee grounds under high pressure. These kinds of machines tend to be cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited to create the perfect conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have become more popular. They utilize an air compressor to force the hot water through the grounds and are more portable than electric steam-driven machines.