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An proxy, also called a proxy server. It is software that acts as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, a user will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would serve the resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to grasp and implement however, adding proxy servers can bring advantages including improved efficiency, privacy, security, and a host of other benefits. In addition to providing pass-through, the proxy serves as a security guardian of the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the bundled system of server hardware that is paired with installed proxy software is also frequently called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, and in the context of web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of two kinds of proxies. One being one that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and is often confused due to the resemblance of namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxies and subtypes and their importance for the common setups. If you've read this article, you'll to recognize situations where using proxies can be beneficial, and you can then select the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also known in the context of an open proxy is the agent of a customer who wants to make an internet-based request to an the server which originated it. In this case, all attempts to make requests through the client will instead be sent directly to forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will examine the request. It will first verify if the client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request or forward it to its origin server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet and can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The most popular reason to use forward proxies is increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and as such it may use an IP address that is distinct from the original IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's been set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions and the capability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on the location you are in.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at work. All internet traffic can pass through a forward proxy, an administrator is capable of allowing only certain clients to access the internet using a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer, which may include multiple computers that have different settings and environments and users the firewall is installed in an forward proxy layer.




It is important to remember to set forward proxy preferences have to be manually setup to allow them to be used in order to be used in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxies are able to not be detected by users. Depending on whether your IP address a user is passed on to the server that originated it via forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or left transparent.




There are many alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy options:




Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy features.


Nginx A renowned open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy functions.


Squid is a free forward proxy that runs on it's HTTP protocol. It's not the complete webserver system. You can refer to our article on the most efficient way to configure Squid proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to -peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary for web servers, and handles requests from clients on behalf of. The web server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In all cases, an application request comes through the internet. Most of the time, the request will go directly to the server that hosts the information that the user is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact to the open internet.




From the perspective of a user's view, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from interacting with Web server in direct contact. It's functionally identical, but the user can't discern the difference. Client makes a request for an item, and gets it without requiring any additional configuration from the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server on the internet is protected centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.


Added functionality for caching.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy applications apply this only for just the Web server layer and not to the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers which may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and interfacing with requests from clients off web servers enables them to focus on serving resources.




If there are multiple servers that have a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will be also accountable for deciding what requests are routed to which server. There may be several web servers that are running within the server each serving different kinds of resources or a mix of the two. These servers could use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They can also include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers based on the service being requested or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can take advantage of their placement over web servers by making use of caching. The large static files can be set up with caching rules to avoid getting into web servers for every request, with some options even allowing the provision of static files directly without connecting with the server. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. However, it's not a reverse proxy, the Apache web server comes with a reverse proxy option as an additional feature that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and specifically focused on the reverse proxy function.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing, because both types of proxies are able to manage requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy servers is to analyze the specifications of the software you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you're designing a solution to host websites on the internet. They represent your web servers in any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to have working with clients in front for personal use or even in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on usage cases instead of looking at the common names can help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified what a proxy was as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use them as well as a discussion of most useful features were used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you'd like to explore how to implement proxies we suggest that you read our guide on how to configure Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server on Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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