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An proxy often referred to as proxy server software that acts as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, a user will send a request for the item to an online server, and the server would then deliver the resource directly back to the user. Though this approach is simple to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies could provide advantages in terms of improved performance and privacy, security and more. Apart from providing a layer of security, proxies act as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




The consensus is that the set of server hardware along with installed proxy software is often called proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxies typically classified as software and within the context of web servers. We will present a summary of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage and can be confusing due to the same name convention.




This article will give you an idea of what proxies are and the subtypes of them, as well as how they work in the normal configurations. In in this post, you'll learn to determine the situations that are the best to use a proxy and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way, a forward proxy sometimes called or an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this scenario every request made by the client is instead directed straight via the forward proxy. This forward proxy in instead of the user, will review the request. It will first determine if this client has the right to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to reject an request and send it back to the server that originally received it. The client is unable to directly access the internet. It is only able to access the internet that the forward proxy permits it access to.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy allows you to access the internet in instead of a client and, in this way it could use an IP address that is different from the original IP address utilized by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of options and allow you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic area.




Forward proxies may also be utilized in systems that offer central security and authorization based access, like at work. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy,, administrators are able to restrict access to specific clients on the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls to protect the client layer, which may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put in the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings must be configured manually to use, while reverse proxy settings are not recognized by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of a user is sent to the origin server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver with forward proxy features.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete Web server service. Follow our step-by-step instructions to create Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for situations like peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also examine the steps to install the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representation of web servers that handle the incoming requests of clients in its place. Web servers can comprise a server or multiple servers. Also, it could serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios an application request is made through the internet as a whole. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the information the client is seeking. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, securing Web server from any direct interaction with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint, or from a user's perspective, working using a reverse proxy is identical to using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same thing, however the user is unable to see the differences. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it, with no additional configuration required from the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can design.


The caching functionality is now available to users.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer, and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of the firewall security is focused at reverse proxy layers. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and also interacting with requests from clients without the need for web servers enables them to focus on meeting the needs of their customers.




When there is a multitude of servers being hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible for directing which requests go to the server. There may be several web servers offering similar content offering various types of resources or a mix of both. They can use the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server however, they may also use additional protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is also possible to set up a reverse proxy to direct clients to specific servers based upon the resource requested or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can benefit from their position ahead of web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing users to serve static files directly without connecting to a web server even once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a very popular reverse proxy solution. While Apache has a reverse proxy solution however, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also able to function with a reverse proxy functionality that is an added characteristic of Apache however Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, because both types of proxy handle responses and requests. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution to provide web-based services over the internet. They act as your web server for when you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is placed before clients for personal use, or in the corporate setting. They are your client's representative whenever you use the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the meaning of a proxy with the two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the most beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about how to set up proxies you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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