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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server is an application that acts in the middle between client and server on the internet. Without the proxy, the client could make a request to any resource straight to the server and it would serve the requested resource directly back towards the customer. This is not difficult to understand and implement. adding proxies provides advantages through improved performance, privacy, security as well as many other benefits. As a pass-through layer, proxies serve as a security barrier on the internet between clients and servers.




The general collection of hardware used by servers and proxy software installed is often described as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxy servers that are generally described in terms of software and the ones used in conjunction with web servers. This article will give an explanation of the two major kinds of proxy servers, specifically forward proxy and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own specific usage, which can be confusing due to the overlapping terminology.




This article will provide an understanding of proxy types and their subtypes are and also their significance in normal settings. If you go through this article, you'll be able to identify scenarios in which an effective proxy is advantageous, and decide on the best option for you between forward proxy and reverse proxy, in any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words, a forward proxy sometimes referred to as or an open proxy is an agent of the user trying to send an online request to an origin server. In this case, any request made by the client is directed via this forward proxy. In this scenario the forward proxy acting on behalf of the client, will look into the request. At the beginning, it will decide whether it is allowed to send requests to this particular forward proxy. Then, it can either deny requests or redirect them to their source server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows it to connect to.




The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is for more privacy or security online. A forward proxy uses the internet on behalf of the individual client. And in this way, it may make use of an IP address that is distinct from the original IP of the user.




Based on the way it's setup the forward proxy may perform a variety of functions as well as the capability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security as well as permission-based access, for example, in a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can restrict only a small number of users connection to internet, that is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in the client layer, which can be used by multiple computer that have different configurations, users and environments A firewall could be added to this forward proxy layer.




Remember Forward proxy servers must be manually configured before they can be utilized while reverse proxy servers could be not noticed by clients. Depending on whether an IP address from the user has been transferred to the server that is being used by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept secret.




There are a variety of possibilities to think about for forward proxies.




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server, that provides forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source web server with forward proxy capability.


Squid is an open source forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't have the full Web server platform. You can check out our guide on the most efficient method to install Squid proxy to connect private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP which makes it more to handle situations like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also research how to set up Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions to act as an agent of a web server and takes care of incoming requests from clients on behalf of the server. This web server can serve as a single server, or multiple servers. In addition, it could contain an application server such as Gunicorn. In either case, the request may come from a user on the internet at large. Typically, the request will be directly sent to the web server that holds the data the client wants. A reverse proxy is a intermediary, separating the web server from direct communication with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the user, working using reverse proxy isn't any different than interacting with an internet server direct. It's exactly the same, but clients aren't able to tell the difference. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it without additional configuration needed for the customer.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


The routing of traffic inbound is based upon rules that you set up.


Additional functionality to cache data.




Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this feature only to the layer of the webserver, and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on sustaining firewalls on the server level which may include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security could be focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interacting with firewalls and coordinating requests from clients away from web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on providing services.




If there are multiple servers running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can also be responsible for directing which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers running on the same server, serving different kinds of services or a mixture of the two. These servers use their HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server. However, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or to comply with certain rules regarding the traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also be able to make use of their positioning ahead of web servers by using caching functions. The large static files can be configured with caching policy to prevent the web server from being hit with every request, with some solutions that allow you to serve static content directly, without having to connect to a web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can be capable of compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a powerful reverse proxy service. Even though Apache is a reverse proxy solution however, this Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy functions, which is a different option to Apache and Nginx was originally designed to and specifically focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" or "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, since both types of proxy are able to handle both requests and responses. The best method to differentiate between both forward and reverse proxy services is to think about the requirements of the application that you're developing.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when you're developing an option to host websites on the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction on the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is used before customers for your own usage or even in a corporate setting. They act as a representative of your customers in all interactions via the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on similar naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what is a "proxy" is and the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and an exploration of advantageous characteristics were used to define between two kinds of proxy that are reverse and forward. If you're interested exploring how to make proxies work, read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an HTTP server and reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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