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An proxy, also known as a proxy server is also known as the proxy server, is a software that functions as mediator between client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients could send a request for resources directly to a server, and it would serve direct to users who requested the resource. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement using proxy servers, it could offer benefits in terms of improved performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy functions as a guardian for the internet between servers and users.




It is generally accepted that the combination of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. In this article, we'll focus on proxy servers which are usually described as software, as well as when it comes to web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two primary types of proxy servers: a forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to a similar the naming convention.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxy services and what their subtypes are, and their importance in the common configurations. By reading this article, you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations that a good proxy is beneficial and pick the right solution in between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, sometimes called an open proxy, also known as an open serves as an intermediary between the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the client will instead be routed straight via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. First, it will determine whether the client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have directly access to internet. It is able to access only what forward proxy gives its access.




A very popular applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy and security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client, and in the process, it will use an alternate IP address in addition to the client's original IP address.




Based on how it has been configured depending on the way it's configured forward proxy can provide a range of features depending upon the configuration, which allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based on your geographical area.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. The entire internet can be passed through an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to certain clients to the internet that is protected by an common firewall. As opposed to having firewalls on the client layer, which can include multiple devices with various configurations and users, you can install a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.




Note that forward proxy settings must be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will be ignored from the clients. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to a user is transmitted to the server from where it originated via the forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.




There are many alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy:




Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy features.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server. Take a look at our guide on how you can install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to know how to set up Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is the web server which handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server can represent a single, or a number of servers. It may even be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, the request for an application is received through the internet. The majority of the time requests are directed directly to the web server along with the information that the client is requesting. However, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, and separates your server from interaction with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the user's viewpoint reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with Web server in direct contact. It's the same thing and the client is unable to discern the difference. The client makes a request for the resource, which is then followed by the receipt with no additional configuration needed for the user.




Reverse proxy providers offer functions like:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules that you can decide to define.


New functionality added for caching.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies apply this for the web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers which could contain multiple servers and different configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls and communicating with requests from clients far from web servers permits them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy reverse proxy is responsible for directing what requests go via which server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, each providing different services or a combination of both. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol that is the standard web server, but can contain other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the requested resource or to comply with certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies benefit from their placement on top of web servers by giving them the ability to store information. The large static files can be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without connecting to the web server in any way. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can manage compressing these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. Although there is similar functionality that is available in Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities as an additional feature available to Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Usage Situations



Since "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution for serving applications that are via the internet. They act as your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy are beneficial when they are placed in front of customers for your own usage or even in a corporate environment. They represent the traffic of your clients when they interact with the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of aproxy is and the two primary kinds of proxy: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the attributes that are beneficial were used to identify forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how proxies are implemented, you can check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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