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An proxy, also called the software for proxy servers, serves to act as a mediator between the server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a client could send a request to the service directly from a server, and the server could serve the resource directly back to the user. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement, adding proxies offers benefits like improved performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the mix of hardware for servers with proxy software is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are generally classified as software when referring to web servers. This article will provide an in-depth breakdown of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own scenario, which is often confused due to the same terminology.




This article will provide details on the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes, as well as the way they work with a range of configurations. After reading this article, you'll be able to identify the situations in which using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the right solution between reverse and forward proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy serves as a representative for a client who wants to send a request via the internet to the server that originated it. In this scenario the entire process of sending requests made by the user will be transmitted through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in place of the client will take a look at the request. It will then determine if this user is authorised to send requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject any request, or send it to the source server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet. It can access only what the forward proxy allows it access to.




A popular use for forward proxies is greater privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client. as such it can utilize an alternative IP address to the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it's configured, forward proxy may grant you various features depending the way it's configured and enables you to:




Don't be a victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Be aware of restrictions based on the location.




Forward proxies can also be used for security systems that are centralized as well as permission-based access, like at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy an administrator can grant only a few clients online access filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing security firewalls at the layer of clients which could comprise a range of computers with diverse environments and users. A firewall may be placed in this forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxies need to be manually setup in order to be used while reverse proxies will be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that a user is transferred to the server from which it originated through the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are a variety of alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.


Squid: A free forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't include the full web server. Read our article on how to create Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better for usage scenarios such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an agent for a web server, which handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request will come via the web at large. In most cases your request is transmitted directly to the web server along with the resources the user is looking for. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating this webserver from direct communication via the open internet.




From the perspective of a user, the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different from communicating with an internet server direct. It's essentially the same but the client can't discern the difference. The client requests an item and receives it without further configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


Controlling traffic that is incoming according to rules you have set.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security can be an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this service only to the layer of the webserver, not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls at webserver level, which might contain many servers and different configurations, the majority protection of firewalls is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers via web servers allows them to focus solely on addressing the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers using reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy can also handle the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers may be operating on the same server, offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of the two. They can use the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they can also be equipped with application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers that redirect users to a specific server according to the service required, or to certain rules regarding the amount of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by their position on top of web servers, as they provide caching capabilities. Massive static files can be configured with caching rules to avoid needing to connect with web servers every time. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to connect with the webserver for even one time. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is capable of handling the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy option. While Apache is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and focuses upon the feature of reverse proxy.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use The Case



Since "forward" or "reverse" are ascribed to a sense of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle requests and responses. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to take into account the requirements of the app you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful when building a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers for any interaction you make on the web.




Forward proxy is beneficial when they are put in front of users either for personal use or in an office setting. They serve as a representation of your client's activity whenever you interact on the internet.




The practice of separating by use case rather than focusing solely on standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy, focusing on the two major types, which are the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use as well as a review of the useful features were used to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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