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It is a proxy or proxy server. It is a software program for servers that serves as an intermediary between a clients and servers on the internet. Without an intermediary, a customer would be able to make a request for or resource to the server directly and the server will serve direct the resource requested to the client. Although this is a simple process to understand and implement using proxies, it can provide advantages such as more performance and privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer the proxy serves as a guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.




In general, the system of hardware for servers as well as software for proxy installation is usually referred to by the name proxy servers. In this article, we will focus on proxies typically understood as software, and the ones used in conjunction with web servers. We will provide a description of the two major types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misunderstood because of the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will provide you with the basics of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as what they can accomplish for common setups. Through this article, you will be able to identify the scenarios where an effective proxy is useful, and select the correct solution in between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words, a forward proxy is also known as the open proxy is the representative of a client who is trying to transmit a request via the internet to a server that originated. In this case, all request to send it from the client will instead be sent by the forward-proxy. In this case, this forward-proxy acting the instead of the user will look over the request. It is the first thing to establish which client has the authority to make requests to this particular forward proxy. The forward proxy will then deny this request, and then send it back to the server that originally sent it. The client isn't able to connect directly to the internet; it can only reach what forward proxy grants its access.




The most common reasons for forward proxy is the increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet place of a client and in that process it can use an alternative IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Depending on how it's been established in the past forward proxy servers are able to perform a variety of tasks and let you:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralized and allow access based on permissions like at work. When all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy, administrators can grant access only to specific people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise a variety of machines that have different environments and users and environment, a firewall may be placed on an intermediate layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers must be manually set up to function, however reverse proxies will be not noticed in the eyes of the customer. Based on whether or not the IP address of a customer is passed to the original server via an forward proxy. Privacy and anonymity could be granted or ignored.




There are a variety of options to look into for forward proxy options:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide an entire web server service. We've got a guide on how you can install Squid proxy for private connection in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is more suitable for situations like peer-to peer traffic. You can also explore how you can create a Dante proxy to connect privately using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent of web servers, which handles incoming requests by clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise a single server, or even multiple servers. It may also act as an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations it is possible to get a request from a user through the internet in general. The majority of the time, this request will go direct to the website hosting the resources the client requires. Reverse proxy is an intermediary, which separates Web server from direct communication with the open internet.




From a client's viewpoint, which is the user's perspective using reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to your webserver directly. It's the same thing, however the client can't be able to tell the distinction. The customer requests an item and is given it with no additional configurations that need to be completed by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer options, such as:




A centralized layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules that you can create.


A new feature to cache has been added.




Central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxies provide this benefit to the layer of the internet server not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers that may contain multiple servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be focused on this layer. Furthermore, removing the obligation of interfacing with a firewall and also interacting with client requests off of web servers lets them concentrate solely on meeting the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers that are running reverse proxy the reverse proxy handles the method of routing requests to which server. A number of web servers could be providing the same content but they may offer different kinds of resources, or some combination of both. They may be using the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, but they may include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy in order to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the requested resource, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement in front of web servers by providing caching functionality. Large static files may be managed by using caching rules that prevent the server from getting hit with every request, with certain solutions providing the option to provide static files directly, without involving the server at all. Furthermore, the reverse proxy could handle the compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy solution. While it is true that the Apache website server also equipped with reverse proxy function, it is an additional choice for Apache as opposed to Nginx was designed initially for and was designed specifically for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels are confusing because each type of proxy handles the flow of requests as well as responses. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the needs of the app you're developing.




A reverse proxy is useful in designing solutions that deliver web-based apps via the internet. They are your web servers in all interactions with the web.




A forward proxy can be helpful when placed before traffic from clients for personal use or for work. They represent your client traffic every time you connect to the internet.




The use case distinction instead of focusing on the similar naming conventions can help you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes the definition of a proxy, with the two major kinds being reverse and forward proxy. Examples of practical applications as well as an examination of useful characteristics were used to establish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how to implement proxies you can check out our guide on how to install Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache running on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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