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The term "proxy" means the notion of a proxy often called a proxy server is software that serves as an intermediary between a server and a client on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users could make a request for the server directly, and the server would then serve direct to the requester. While this is a simple method to understand and implement, adding proxies provides benefits such as increased performance, privacy and security, and so on. As a pass-through layer the proxy acts as a security layer to the internet between users and servers.




The general system of server hardware that is paired with the software to install proxy servers is often referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are usually described as software and specifically in relation with web server. This article will give a synopsis of the two principal kinds of proxies, which is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a different use case, and is often misinterpreted due the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an idea of nature of proxies, as well as their subtypes and ways in which they can be beneficial in a range of configurations. If you read this article, you'll be able to recognize situations where the use of proxy servers is beneficial and identify the most suitable option between forward proxy and reverse proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to as the open proxy, acts as the representative of the client who is trying to transmit requests via the internet to an source server. In this case every attempt to send a request by the user will instead be handled by forward proxy. This forward proxy taking the place of the client examines the request. It will then determine whether the client is permitted to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then orally reject a request and send it back to its server that originated the request. The client isn't able to establish a direct connection to internet. It can only reach what the forward proxy allows the client to access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or security while using the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of clients, and in this manner, it is using an IP address that is different from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on how it's been setup, and based on the way it's set up forward proxy can offer a range of functions and allow users to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems that are centralized and access based on permissions, like at work. In the event that all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy layer, an administrator might restrict access for just a small number of internet users, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of setting up filters for client layers, which could be used by multiple computers with different settings and types of users, you can have a firewall located at the forward proxy layer.




Take note of the fact that forward proxies must be manually configured for use before they can be utilized, whereas reverse proxies are able to be hidden from the view of clients. Based on the fact that the IP address of a user is relayed back to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.




There are numerous alternatives to look into for forward proxy services.




Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver which comes with forward proxy features.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with the complete web server. Follow our steps on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for use instances like peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to check out how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions in the capacity of an intermediary for server on the internet, which processes requests from customers for its behalf. It could represent either a single or multiple servers. Also, it could represent an application server, like Gunicorn. In any case the request will be made through the internet generally. In most cases, the request is directed directly to the web server that hosts the resources the user is in need of. In contrast, a reverse proxy is a intermediary and isolates Web servers from any direct interaction with the internet's public.




From the viewpoint of the individual client's perspective the procedure of using reverse proxy is the same than working with the server by itself. It's exactly the same however the client is unable to be able to discern the distinction. Client makes a request for the resource and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer but not the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the server layer that may contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and interacting to requests from clients away from web servers allows the firewall to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




When there is a multitude of servers being hosted within a reverse proxy it is responsible for how requests are routed at which server. Many web servers may be providing the exact identical service, providing different kinds of resources, or a combination of both. The servers could use their HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however, they may also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a specific server based on the requested resource or to abide by certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also profit from their position prior to web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets may be configured with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions allowing users to serve static files without having to connect directly to web servers in any form. In addition, the reverse proxy is capable of compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy service. Even though Apache can also be a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server comes equipped with a reverse proxy feature which is a option that is accessible to Apache however Nginx was originally designed to and concentrates specifically on reverse proxy features.



The distinction in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as misleading analogies to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing since both types of proxy servers handle the processing of requests and replies. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to study the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy is useful in the development of an application that connects web-based applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers whenever you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when used in front of customers for your personal use or in an environment that is professional. They are your client's proxy when you interact with the internet.




Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing on common naming conventions can help you avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is and provides two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use it as well as a look at the useful features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the use of proxy servers, check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse proxy by using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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