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It's an proxy, also called a proxy server. It is software that acts to act as mediator between a server and a client over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients can send a request any resource directly to the server and then the server would deliver the resource directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to comprehend and implement the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of enhanced performance and privacy, security and many more. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as an extra layer of security on the internet between servers and clients.




There is a general consensus that the combination of server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is often referred too as proxy servers. However, this article will be focusing on proxy servers that are usually considered to be software, as well as in the context of web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two main types that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use scenario that is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will provide you with some knowledge about what proxies are and what subtypes they are, and how they work in the most common configurations. After reading this article, it will be able to determine the circumstances where you could benefit by a proxy, and choose the best option between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known as an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wants to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this case the entire attempt to send requests by the user is instead forwarded by the forward-proxy. This forward proxy acting as a substitute for the client will review the request. The first step is to determine if the client is able to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject an request and forward it to the original server. The client is not allowed direct access to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client to access.




One of the most popular uses for forward proxy servers is to obtain greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in lieu of a client, and in this manner, it may utilize an alternative IP address to the initial IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured, the forward proxy will provide a variety of functions depending on the configuration, which allows you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and permission-based access, such as in the workplace. The entire internet can be passed through an open forward proxy, an administrator can grant only a handful of clients online access via a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer, which could comprise a range of devices with various settings and users. A firewall can be installed in the intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is important to remember that forward proxies must be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will remain undetected by users. Based on the fact that the IP address of a user is sent to the server from which it originated by forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted, or left unnoticed.




There are numerous options to consider forward proxy options




Apache is a well-known open-source web server which provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx is a different well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't come with an complete website server program. We have a guide on how to install Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer traffic. It's also worth taking a look examine how you can setup the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a webserver which takes care of requests from clients in its place. Web servers can function as a single server or as a set of servers. Additionally, it can be used in the role of an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request comes from a user via the internet. Typically, the request is directly sent to the server that has the resources that the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and shields it from any direct contact with the open internet.




From the viewpoint of the user, working with reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the web server directly. It's essentially the same, and the user is unable to tell the distinction. Clients make a request for a resource and then receiving it with no further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic in accordance with rules you decide to decide to define.


Additional functions to cache data.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to those who use the server layer, but not to the client layer. Instead of having to maintain firewalls in the server level that can include several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security may be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the responsibility of communicating with a firewall and interacting with requests coming from clients far from web servers allows them to focus on serving the resources.




If multiple servers are operating behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines how requests are routed the server. There may be several web servers that provide the identical service, and each offering different kinds of resources, or a combination of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they could also incorporate application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct customers to specific servers depending on the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their positioning over web servers, as they provide the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be configured by using caching rules to stop from hitting web servers with every request. Certain solutions providing the option to deliver static files directly without connecting to a web server even once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx website server also an extremely popular reverse proxy service. While Apache can also be a reverse proxy solution, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server also has reverse proxy functions as an added option for Apache while Nginx was designed originally for and was designed with a focus on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and false distinctions between "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels are prone to confusion because both types of proxies handle responses and requests. In addition, the most effective method of separating between forward and reverse proxy is to analyze the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an essential feature when you are developing a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They act as your web server in any interaction with the internet.




A forward proxy is useful for use in front of clients for personal use or in a work environment. They are your client's proxy through any interaction with the internet.




Utilizing use cases to differentiate instead of focusing on common name conventions can make it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the definition of a proxy with the two main types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical scenarios for use and a discussion of the most useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're keen to learn more about the benefits of proxies then you should check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server with Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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