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An proxy, also called a proxy server software that acts to act as a mediator between server and client on the internet. In the absence of proxies, a user could submit a request for the source directly through a server and the server would then serve the requested resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, using proxies provides benefits such as improved performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the mixture of the server's hardware with proxy software is usually called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are generally classified as software specifically in relation to web servers. This article will provide a detailed breakdown of two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, and is frequently not understood due to the similar terms.




This article will give you details on what proxy services and subtypes are, and how they function in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll be able identify circumstances in which using proxies can be advantageous, and select the most appropriate solution between reverse and forward proxy in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy serves as a representative for a user who wishes to make an internet-based request to an the server which originated it. In this case, the entire process of sending requests from the user will instead be transmitted via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting as a substitute for the client will take a look into the request. Then, it determines whether the client has the right to send requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to deny any request or send it to the source server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It can access only the information that forward proxy allows it to access.




A common use of forward proxies is greater privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet instead of a client, and in this way it may use an IP address that is different from the IP address used by the client.




Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it's set up forward proxy can offer you a variety of features based on the configuration and enables you to:




Don't be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Recognize restrictions based on place of residence.




Forward proxies are also utilized to secure systems which are centralized as well as access that is permission-based for instance, such as at work. If all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy an administrator can grant just a handful of users connection to internet filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the server layer, which can comprise a variety of machines that have various environments and users, a firewall could be installed in this intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is essential to note that forward proxy servers must be manually setup for use and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of the IP address of the user, they are transferred to the server that is originally via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or not.




There are many alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server that offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.


Squid: A free forward proxy using an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the entire web server. Read our article on the best way to build a Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suitable for use instances such as peer-to -peer traffic. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles incoming requests from clients on behalf of. Web servers can comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Additionally, it can be an application-server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request will come via the web in general. Most of the time your request is made directly to the webserver with the resources that the user is looking for. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct communications with the internet.




From the viewpoint of a user the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different than communicating with an internet server directly. It's functionally the same however the client can't be able to discern the difference. The client asks for an item and receives it without extra configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Security centralized on webservers.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


New caching functionality has been added.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy providers offer this feature only to the layer of the webserver and not to clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls at webserver level, which might contain many servers and different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of working with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate solely on addressing the requirements of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers running reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy can also handle the direction that requests are directed towards which servers. Multiple web servers could be running from the same host, offering various kinds of resources or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, but they may also be able to be equipped with protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy that directs users to a specific server according to the service required, or to certain rules regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies can also benefit by their position over web servers by providing the ability to cache. Massive static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent having to contact web servers each time you request. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static assets without having to interact with the webserver for even one time. Additionally, the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy option. While Apache is an alternative to reverse proxy it is not the only one. Apache web server also has reverse proxy capabilities, however, it's an additional feature that is available to Apache unlike Nginx was initially designed for focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use The Case



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies handle the processing of requests as well as responses. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to take into account the needs of the application you're developing.




A reverse proxy is a useful tool in the development of a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server during any interaction on the web.




Forward proxy is helpful when put in front of users for personal use or in the workplace. They are a representation of your client's traffic whenever you interact on the internet.




Separating by use case instead of focusing solely on standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the significance of a proxy with the two main types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a look at useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the benefits of proxies, you can read our guide on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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