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It is an proxy or proxy server. It's a software that serves as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request or resource to the server directly, and the server will provide the resource directly to the user. Although this method is simple to understand and implement, the addition of proxy servers can provide advantages in the form of improved performance and privacy, security and many more. As a layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as an extra layer of security on the internet between servers and clients.




There is a general consensus that the mix of hardware for servers and the software for proxy installation is often referred too as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually considered to be software, and also when referring to web servers. We will discuss of the two primary types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own unique usage situation, and is often confused due to the same terminology.




This article will give you some knowledge about the types of proxies and what subtypes they are and how they operate in the common configurations. After reading this article, it will be able determine the situations where you could benefit from a proxy. You'll then decide which is the best choice between forward and reverse proxy for every circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known by the name of the open proxy is the agent of a user who would like to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this instance, the whole attempt to send requests by the user will be forwarded by the forward-proxy. This forward proxy, acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is allowed to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides to decline a request and forward it to the original server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. It has access to only what forward proxy permits for it to be connected to.




A popular use for forward proxies is to gain more privacy or protection on the internet. Forward proxy can be used to access the internet in lieu of a client, and, in this way it can utilize an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.




Depending on how it's been configured, the forward proxy can provide various functions based upon the way it has been configured that allows you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your location.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralized and permission-based access such as in the workplace. Every internet connection can go by the open forward proxy, an administrator can grant only a few clients connection to internet via an common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls at the layer of clients, which may comprise a variety of machines that have different configurations and users, a firewall can be installed at an forward proxy layer.




It is vital to note that forward proxies need to be set up manually to use however reverse proxies will be ignored by users. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is sent to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted, or left unnoticed.




There are a myriad of possibilities to explore for forward proxy options:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that offers forward proxy functions.


Nginx is a popular open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. It does not come with an complete Web server software. We have a instructions on setting up Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to explore how you can set up the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



The reverse proxy acts as the server, which handles requests from clients instead. The web server may serve as a single server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can be used in the role of an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request is made by a user via the internet. The request is typically sent directly to the web server, which has the resources that the user is requesting. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, separating it from direct contact with the internet's open.




From the viewpoint of the client, interfacing with reverse proxy is not different from interacting with the web server directly. It's functionally the same and the user doesn't see the distinction. The client makes requests for resources and then receiving it, without any extra configuration required by the user.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with rules you define.


Additional functions for caching.




While central security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this benefit only to those who use the server layer, but not the client layer. Instead of having to maintain firewalls at the web server layer, which could contain multiple servers with various configurations, most of firewall security could be handled by the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the burden of interacting with firewalls and communicating with requests coming from clients far from web servers lets them concentrate on serving resources.




If multiple servers are that are running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles the way requests are routed to the server. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, all offering various kinds of resources or a combination of both. They may use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however, they could also incorporate protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers to direct customers to specific servers depending on the resource requested or to observe specific rules for traffic volume.




Reverse proxies also profit from their positioning on top of web servers by offering caching functionality. The large static files can be created using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with every request, with some options allowing users to upload static files directly without connecting to a web server even once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx website server a highly well-known reverse proxy solution. Although Apache has a reverse proxy option but the Apache web server has reverse proxy functions as an added option for Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, and false connections to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels are prone to confusion because both types of proxies handle responses and requests. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a crucial element when you're developing a solution to serve web-based applications via the internet. They are your web servers during any interaction via the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is used before clients for personal use or even in a workplace. They act as your client's proxy through any interaction with the internet.




Utilizing use cases to differentiate rather than focusing solely on standard name conventions will help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the meaning of a proxy and the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios to use them and a review of the most beneficial features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies then you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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