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A proxy, also known as a proxy is also known as a proxy server. is software that functions in the role of intermediaries between client and server via the internet. Without the proxy, a customer would send a request for any resource directly to the server and servers would provide any requested resources directly to the client. This is a simple method to comprehend and use, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages including increased performance, privacy and security, and so on. As an additional layer of pass-through, proxies act as a security guard for the internet, separating clients from servers.




There is a general consensus that the hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies traditionally defined as software, and specifically with respect with web server. We will give a synopsis of the two main kinds of proxy services that are a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different use, which could be confusing due to the same name convention.




This article will give you an idea of different types of proxy and subtypes are, as well as their importance for common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations where you can benefit from a proxy, and decide on the appropriate alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy sometimes called the open proxy is a proxy for a user who wants to transmit a request through the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request sent by the user will be sent through this forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in position of the customer will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed to accept requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or send it back to source server. The client will not be allowed directly access to internet; it is only capable of accessing the information that forward proxy grants its access.




The most frequent applications for forward proxy servers is to provide greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in lieu of an individual client, and in the process, it can use another IP address, in contrast to the IP address that is used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured, based on the way it is configured, forward proxy may offer various features and allow you to:




Do not click on ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based upon your location.




Forward proxies are also used in systems to provide central security as well as permission-based access, such as in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain clients to the internet. The web is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a variety of machines with various user configurations, firewalls could be placed the front proxy layer.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use while reverse proxies could be ignored from the clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client's connection to the server which originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security may either be provided or rendered transparent.




There are a myriad of possibilities to consider when deciding on forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.


Nginx is another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It does not contain the whole web server. You can refer to our article about the best method to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to configure a Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a web server, which takes care of requests from customers on its behalf. The server could function as a one server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it can include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these instances, a request would come through the internet at large. In most cases the request is made directly to the server with all the resources the user requires. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, segregating your website server from communicating with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of viewpoint from the perspective of a client reverse proxy is not any different than connecting directly to an internet server. It's basically the same, but the client can't discern the difference. The client requests the resource and is then granted access, with no additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies offer features such as:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


Directing incoming traffic according to rules you set up.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit only to the server layer, only the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at the server layer which might contain many servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is focused at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, eliminating the responsibility of dealing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients that are not on web servers allows them to concentrate solely on delivering the requirements of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers hosting through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy handles the routing of requests to which servers. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, providing different kinds of resources or a combination of both. They may utilize the HTTP protocol as a normal web server, however they may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy that routes clients to particular servers based on the request for source, and to observe certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their positioning before web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be managed with caching rules that prevent from reaching web servers with every request. There are solutions that offer the option of serving static content directly, without having to connect with the webserver at all. Additionally, reverse proxy can manage compressing these files.




The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy choice. It is true that it is true that the Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities, it is an added feature for Apache however Nginx was initially designed and focuses on the reverse proxy function.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with the perception of directionality, they can lead to inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. They can be confusing since both kinds of proxies handle requests and response. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the app that you are building.




Reverse proxy is a crucial aspect in the design of a solution to serve web applications on the internet. They function as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




Forward proxy can be useful for displaying customers for your own use, or in a work environment. They are a way to display the information of your client whenever you interact on the internet.




A distinction based upon use case rather than focusing only on similar naming conventions can help avoid confusion.



Conclusion



In this article, we clarified the meaning of a proxy, with two types, the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to identify forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in the role of proxy servers, you can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy in Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 Server. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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